Screening Programme Criteria

Wilson & Jugner Screening Programme Criteria (criteria all screening programmes should meet to provide maximum benefits to minimum cost*)
http://www.gp-training.net/training/tutorials/management/audit/screen.htm

*cost as in medical/social, as opposed to simply monetary cost

Making sense of screening - science leaflet
http://www.senseaboutscience.org.uk/PDF/MSOScreening.pdf

Added 21 Dec 09 - False/negative results in screening programmes and impacts (analysis)http://www.hta.ac.uk/fullmono/mon405.pdf

Added 1 Jan 2010 - The psychiatric effects of mass screening http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0033350672800234

Smear testing - pros, cons and effectiveness

Who should get a pap smear?
http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2009/11/03/who-should-get-a-pap-smear/

Dr Angela Raffle - letter to British Medical Journal
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/315/7113/953

More than you need to know? These days, we are screened for a whole raft of diseases. But just how effective are they?http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2003/nov/15/medicineandhealth.publichealth

Trade-offs in cervical cancer prevention, balancing benefits and risks
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746633/

Does cancer screening save lives?
http://wellness.blogs.time.com/2009/08/11/does-cancer-screening-save-lives-not-nearly-as-many-as-you-might-guess/#ixzz0X6GL4QQQ

Are mammograms and PSA tests overrated?
http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2009/10/21/are-mammograms-and-psa-tests-overrated/tab/comments/#comment-629355

Should we abandon pap testing?http://ajcp.ascpjournals.org/content/supplements/114/Suppl_1/S48.full.pdf+html?sid=fb361d0c-ca1e-432b-a6dc-2c23cc95e16d

Outcomes of screening to prevent cancer: analysis of cumulative incidence of cervical
abnormality and modelling of cases and deaths prevented
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/326/7395/901?ijkey=kndK1dePPBERM

Jade and the dangers of smear testing
http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/6384/

Low-risk women should not be over-screened for cervical cancer
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Low-risk+women+should+not+be+overscreened+for+cervical+cancer.-a0156361252

Low risk of cervical cancer during a long period after negative screening in the Netherlands
http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v88/n7/abs/6600843a.html

At what age do cancer tests offer more risks than benefits?
http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2009/11/23/prca1123.htm

Screening for older citizens
http://www.chicagotribune.com/health/preventivemedicine/chi-healthy-seniors-26-oct26,0,7041458.story

Colposcopy rates and results
http://www.vccr.org/stats_reports/2007/histology_07.html

Dr Angela Raffles book on screening practice
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Screening-Evidence-practice-Angela-Raffle/dp/0199214492

Added 21 Dec 09
UK cervical cancer screening programme and statistics - 2010-11
http://www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk/cervical/statistics.html

Added 21 Dec 09 Finnish Screening evaluation study
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/6/252

Added 21 Dec 09
Explanation of CIN1, CIN2 etc
http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Cervical-Screening-(Cervical-Smear-Test).htm

Added 21 Dec 09
Effect of screening on incidence of and mortality from cancer of cervix in England: evaluation based on routinely collected statistics
http://www.cervicalcheck.ie/_fileupload/Downloads/Quinn_Effect%20of%20screening%20on%20incidence.pdf

Added 21 Dec 09
Cervical cancer - a guide for nurses
http://books.google.com/books?id=xX6ueqslld4C&pg=PT172&lpg=PT172&dq=cervical+screening%2Bfinancial+incentives&source=bl&ots=BwdlW_sQ7A&sig=PCTdP7Cl4R0V5EOLnSCHrCm0h30&hl=en&ei=N_IvS56ZH8jajQe38fHRAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEIQ6AEwCThG#v=onepage&q=cervical%20screening%2Bfinancial%20incentives&f=false

Added 1 Jan 2010 - Debates about cervical screening - a historical overview http://jech.bmj.com/content/62/4/284.extract

Added 1 Jan 2010 - Is cervical screening working - a cytopathologists view from the United Kingdom
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WGD-4CXKYF6-2D&_user=10&_origUdi=B6VBF-3VV412M-1T&_fmt=high&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F1997&_rdoc=1&_orig=article&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=d82ce859482264c74734179bea61fa3c

Added 6 Jan 2010 - Cancer screening - what could hurt?
http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sci-screenings21-2009nov21%2C0%2C6713570.story?page=2

Added 16 Jan 2010 - Detection rates for abnormal cervical smears - what are we screening for?http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769901?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

Added 22 Jan 2010- Trade offs in cervical cancer prevention http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746633/

Added 13 Feb 2010 Debates about cervical screening - an historical overview http://jech.bmj.com/content/62/4/284.extract

Added 25 Feb 2010 - Making the pap smear into the right tool - cervical cancer in the USA circa 1940 - 1995
http://www.jstor.org/pss/285603

Added 25 Feb 2010 - Cervical screening in lesbian and bisexual women http://www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk/cervical/publications/screening-lesbians-bisexual-women.pdf

Added 25 Feb 2010 - collection of articles on colposcopy
http://lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:230157

Added 28 April 2010 Risks to pregnancies post-cervical screening and treatment http://women.webmd.com/news/20040504/cervix-treatment-may-endanger-pregnancy-later
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/291/17/2100

Added May 01 2010 - cervical screening transexuals (MtF/FtM) http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/964.aspx?CategoryID=118&SubCategoryID=121

http://www.transfaithonline.org/intersections/cancer/cervical/

Added April 2011 - comprehensive report on the set up and management of the Welsh cervical screening programme
http://www.screeningservices.org.uk/csw/prof/docs/nsf.pdf

Added April 2011 - report on screening in Peru
http://her.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1/10.full.pdf

Added November 2011 - indepth study on lesbian, gay and bisexual women and cervical screening, in the northwest of the UK (Salford)
http://usir.salford.ac.uk/16596/

Newspaper Articles

Article by UK woman who decided to cease having smears based on informed risk/benefit analysis.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2003/may/22/genderissues.publichealth

Article by UK women urging young women to have smears.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/mar/22/jade-health-and-wellbeing

Article by UK mental health patient who decided to cease having smears based on bad experiences with testing
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/joepublic/2009/apr/17/smear-tests-mental-health

Cancer screening smackdown continues - pap smears and colonoscopies take a hit
http://wellness.blogs.time.com/2009/11/06/cancer-screening-smackdown-continues-pap-smears-and-colonoscopies-take-a-hit/?xid=rss-topstories

Added 21 Jan 2010
Article on fallout from breast cancer screening false positives
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jan/20/emotions-tumours-breast-cancer-screening

6 June 2011
Balanced pros and cons article on screening by age
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/jun/06/cervical-cancer-screening-age

9 June 2011
Set of articles around cervical cancer, vaccination etc by Debora Miranda
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/series/cervical-cancer-screening

and Debora's related website, on the subject of her journalism MA
http://cancer-screening.net/

Amendments to Screening Practices & Policies

Cervical screening - time to change the policy
http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/176_11_030602/dic10690_fm.html

Where recent changes to screening guidelines go wrong
http://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/12/01/the-doctor-is-in-do-screening-guidelines-mean-womens-health-ca/

Added 21 Dec 09
Cervical cytology screening and government policy (UK)
http://www.jstor.org/pss/29704626

Added 4 Jan 10
Politics and amendments to cancer screening
http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2010/01/politics-cancer-screening-entrenched-beliefs-hard-change.html

Added 13 Feb 2010
Discussion on changes to mammogram and cervical cancer screening (US)
http://letters.mobile.salon.com/mwt/broadsheet/feature/2009/11/20/cervical_cancer/view/index.html

Added 25 Feb 2010
Possible changes to smear test screening in the USA
http://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/wellbeing/new-research-may-change-pap-smear-practices-20100119-mj3s.html

Added 12 Mar 2010 - How can the uptake of cervical screening be improved?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11974848?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_SingleItemSupl.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed

Added 7 May 2010
http://www.news-medical.net/news/20100216/Prestigious-journal-suppressing-dissenting-evidence-favoring-unnecessary-cervical-biopsy-industry-complains-HiFi-DNA-Tech-president.aspx?page=2

and

http://hifidna.com/News%20&%20Events%20files/NEJM%20Dr%20Malina%20%282%29.pdf

Academic References

Cervical screening - women's resistance to the official discourse
http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/485/1/Full_Thesis.pdf

It's just part of being a woman: cervical screening, the body and femininity
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBF-3XT69WP-C&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=fd228f0f9599df22569f92a5832dbb5f

Discourse and the individual in cervical cancer screening
http://hea.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/11/1/69

Provider's constructions of the role of women in cervical cancer screening in Bulgaria and Romania
http://bixbyprogram.ph.ucla.edu/lectureslides/baban_background.reading.pdf

'Effects of frequency of testing on rates of biopsy' (this item is not available online as far as I can tell...)
L.Koutsky, Cancer Prevention, Fall 2004, Issue 4 & DeMay Article

Added 25 Feb 2010
The Body in Society
http://books.google.com/books?id=H-XGXVOG4CQC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=cervical+screening+%2B+feminist&source=bl&ots=nVcVNUJ8i3&sig=AZqvYq3ulVguiBJUu8ZJOU0R3Q&hl=en&ei=vxODS93vJ4mI0wT52biuBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CBsQ6AEwBzgy#v=onepage&q=cervical%20screening%20%2B%20feminist&f=false

Added 25 Feb 2010
Living and working with the new technologies - intersections of inquiry
http://books.google.com/books?id=5kZkE9TTlBUC&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167&dq=smear+test+pap+feminist&source=bl&ots=tbe66rKaiu&sig=F3o3PxnJYac9ybKx2KyqEa2nZdo&hl=en&ei=KTCES5v6FtS7jAe3kOCJAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CB0Q6AEwCTiCAQ#v=onepage&q=smear%20test%20pap%20feminist&f=false

Added Mar 2010
Engendered surveillence - women on the edge of a watched cervix
http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/ojs/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/cervix/cervix

Added April 2011 - The speculum bites back, feminists spark an inquiry into the treatment of carcinoma in situ at Aucklands National Womens Hospital
http://www.finrrage.org/pdf_files/RepTech%20General/Carcinoma_In_Situ.pdf

Added April 2011 - cervical screening, compliance and moral obligation
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9566.00164/pdf

Miscellaneous

Helping physicians understand screening tests will help patient care
http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/getArticle.cfm?id=2253

Article on nursing and cancer screening http://www.apctoday.com/pdf/NPWH_cervcascreenguide.pdf

The male factor in cervical carcinogenesis: a questionnaire study of men's awareness in primary care
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16872669?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_SingleItemSupl.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=3&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed

UK parliament discussion on set up of recall system.
http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1988/apr/13/cervical-cytology-screening

UK Parliament discussion on how to increase uptake of smears
http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1989/nov/14/medical-and-pharmaceutical-services

Treatments for abnormal smears
http://www.medicinenet.com/pap_smear/page7.htm

Added 21st Dec 09
Systems analysis of real-world obstacles to successful cervical cancer prevention in developing countries
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/content/full/96/3/480

Added 30 Dec 09 - Disclaimer, I'm not an automatic supporter of alternative therapies, but some may find this interesting. Stopping smoking and eating properly are probably good ideas whatever your health concerns....
Herbal/alternative therapies suggestions for minimising risk of developing cervical cancer
http://www.naturalhealthweb.com/articles/SusunWeed23.html

Added 6 Jan 2010
Interesting set of articles about male construction worker forced into rectal exam after a head injury, regarding the ethics of forcing treatments on patients:
http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/16/forced-rectal-exam-stirs-ethics-questions/

http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2008/01/17/can-a-doctor-force-a-procedure-against-your-will/

http://www.slate.com/id/2182264/

Added 17 mar 2010 cervical lesions
http://www.wdxcyber.com/abnpapcx.htm

Added Mar 2010
Not directly related to screening per se but still worth reading.....
http://genderacrossborders.com/2010/03/10/the-immortal-life-of-henrietta-lacks-inequity-and-cervical-cancer/

Added January 2011 - effect of male circumcision on transmission of hpv
http://www.webmd.com/cancer/cervical-cancer/news/20110106/male-circumcision-cuts-womens-cervical-cancer-risk

Added February 2011 - clinical description of colposcopy, biopsy etc:
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xX6ueqslld4C&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=cervical+screening+questioned&source=bl&ots=BwgsVZuM5z&sig=aurRqmFe_9KuXDYosnPj4Z6qsrE&hl=en&ei=ONpiTayNOdKA5Abz0429CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAjgo#v=onepage&q=cervical%20screening%20questioned&f=false